Organizations Campaigning Against the Use of Animals in Research

People have utilized creatures in logical examination for quite a while. Creatures are right now being utilized in clinical investigations to discover remedies for certain illnesses, for example, HIV, Alzheimer and Leukemia. In any case, a few associations are presently battling against the utilization of creatures in logical examination. This paper will introduce a short rundown of contentions against the utilization of creatures in logical research.Advertising We will compose a custom evaluation test on Organizations Campaigning Against the Use of Animals in Research explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The British Union of the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) is one of the associations that battle against the utilization of creatures in logical examination. It urges controllers to acknowledge and support the utilization of option logical testing methods (as specified under the REACH guidelines). The results of creature test strategies can be deluding. It is essent ial to make reference to that the two creatures and people respond contrastingly to a specific medication. For instance, a few researchers have presumed that people (and not creatures) are the most appropriate subjects that can be utilized to test HIV immunizations. Creatures bolted up (in confines) in the labs for use in logical exploration experience colossal pressure. Thus, this marvel may bargain the result of an analysis and render the logical outcomes unessential. Much the same as people, creatures reserve a privilege to live and not be utilized in clinical preliminaries. Slaughtering creatures for logical reasons is ethically off-base and comprises murder. There are various logical testing options in contrast to creature tests which are reliable and productive as well as spare the lives of a large number of creatures. A portion of these elective techniques remember the utilization of patients and volunteers for clinical preliminaries just as PC recreated models, genomic and i n vitro. Studies have uncovered that the utilization of non-creature tests procedures in logical investigations have delivered dependable outcomes. For instance, in vitro (tissue and cell culture) have effectively been used to create enemies of AIDS, hostile to disease and different types of medications. Studies on tissue and culture have likewise been utilized to test and produce pharmaceutical items, for example, anti-microbials and immunizations. In vitro hereditary investigations have likewise been effective in disconnecting particular proteins, qualities and markers related with schizophrenia, solid dystrophy, Alzheimer’s ailment and different sorts of hereditary issue. Researchers have as of late built up a novel 3-dimensional model that will be utilized to screen bosom malignancy in its beginning periods just as evaluate likely fixes. Instead of utilizing rodents to consider carcinogenic tissues, this model uses the influenced human tissues to contemplate the advanceme nt of disease in people. Other non-creature test procedures incorporate the utilization of gave dead bodies or human skin extras to evaluate the speed at which synthetics can penetrate human skin. Microdosing is additionally another non-creature test system that can give helpful data about the threat/security of a test treatment. The vast majority of the associations, for example, BUAV, PETA and SHAC contend that creature experimenters need to utilize expendable exploration subjects which are dependent upon controls and demise. Creature experimenters are additionally mindful that their artificially produced creature models can't copy human conditions. Then again, clinical analysts (who use non-creature test techniques) realize that the results of their examinations are straightforwardly identified with human conditions. The utilization of creatures in logical examinations doesn't have any ethical support. Creatures reserve a privilege to live and ought to be treated with deference. As noted over, the response of the two creatures and people to a specific medication can be extraordinary. It is in this manner basic that creature test strategies ought to be disposed of for non-creature test procedures, (for example, Microdosing and in vitro) that give solid and exact outcomes as well as spare creatures. This appraisal on Organizations Campaigning Against the Use of Animals in Research was composed and put together by client Alia K. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Formulation Of A Theory :: Papers

Detailing Of A Theory The specific factors that impact the exactness of estimation is primarily: Age, the hour of day it is prepared, sexual orientation and the style of the study. The explanation age has an effect on the exactness of estimation, is on the grounds that on the off chance that the individual is excessively youthful or too old the overview may not be solid enough with the end goal for it to be handled into an information assortment sheet the explanation being that they may not be fit to the majestic or metric estimation utilized in current days. The youthful might not have taken in the supreme measures and the old may not be utilized to the right terms. The impact, time needs to getting great unwavering quality is that the study ought to be taken out at a helpful time where food has been expended appropriately and the individuals' psyches are engaged. The occasions which might be unessential to rehearse a review is promptly toward the beginning of the day or then again late around evening time where individuals might be worn out. The sexual orientation may certainly affect the result of results in light of the fact that the guys may contrast in specialized aptitudes to females or it is conceivable that maybe females are increasingly equipped for taking care of academical circumstances as opposed to guys. The style of a study may influence the outcome in such a case that seriously developed inquiries are utilized, individuals won't answer the overview appropriately and will attempt to stay away from them. A case of a seriously developed question is 'What is your age?'- This is close to home. Numerous individuals won't need to reply. A case of an all around built inquiry is 'Which age bunch are you in? 0-20 21-30 31-50 and so on. A survey is generally assembled to test a speculation. The theory that will be utilized in this survey is: 'Youngsters will have the option to assess superior to grown-ups'. Technique The information will be gathered through a basic survey. A defined example will be utilized. This is on the grounds that in a delineated test, the populace that will be asked will be partitioned into

What You Need to Do About How to Do a Outline for a Research Paper Beginning in the Next 2 Minutes

<h1> What You Need to Do About How to Do an Outline for a Research Paper Beginning in the Next 2 Minutes </h1> <p>Outlining the areas directly toward the beginning of composing research paper can assist you with keeping up a suitable structure for the entire review. It is desirable over utilize complete sentence diagram structure, if your paper should be organized in MLA. You could likewise observe discourse diagram. A diagram is planned to assist you with setting a structure for a paper you will compose. </p> <p>A extraordinary layout has become the most pivotal advance recorded as a hard copy an amazing paper. The accompanying could work as the perfect framework to substance out to make an awesome representation of an exploration paper, reliant on the point in the presentation. With our uniquely designed exposition offer, you can be sure to get any kind of paper help you are looking for. Your chief subject and the picked writing should be neighboring. </p> <p>Explain quickly the critical focuses you expect to cover in your paper and why perusers should be keen on your subject. You can likewise state what sort of approach it is you will use in your paper for the full conversation of your point. Find a point which you realize you're acquainted with. Find a subject which you feel inclined and invited to. </p> <h2>How to Do an Outline for a Research Paper </h2> <p>Maximizing your examination layout's motivation will have the option to assist you with creating a careful paper. We should consider the parts of your exploration program and the best approach to make an organized blueprint that will make it workable for you to start an examination paper as expediently and adequately as could be expected under the circumstances. At times it can help decide the way wherein you structure your papers. </p> <p>Excellent look into papers are everywhere throughout the net for one to peruse. An individual ought to understand that each Research Paper is a refined composing since it must contain particular research and unmistakable thought. Composing an examination paper may look as a crucial in the event that you've never gotten the opportunity to deal with this sort of task. It is as significant as playing out the real research or analysis itself and can have all the earmarks of being an overwhelming task.</p> <h2> Life After How to Do an Outline for a Research Paper</h2> <p>You must explore a lot of assets to have the option to find powerful evidence to back up your contention. Fundamentally, it helps the author sort out their thoughts and fittingly place the inquired about data in the right area. Indisputably the most trustworthy sources are quite often essential, be that as it may, there may likewise be a lot of tenable information in the optional sources. There are bunches of reasons, yet for the most part, it may be helpful to make a layout in the event that you need to exhibit the various leveled relationship or intelligent requesting of data. </p> <h2>How to Do an Outline for a Research Paper: the Ultimate Convenience! </h2> <p>To disentangle, use the following outline at whatever point you need to take a shot at an examination paper. In the event that you've at any point done an exploration previously, at that point you realize it is elusive the best outcomes in the event that you don't utilize a diagram. For look into papers, a framework may help you in monitoring extensive measures of data. An all around made blueprint is pivotal in finding significant data and monitoring extensive measures of data from an examination paper. </p> <p>Always be certain you adhere to a diagram and you'll remain on the correct way. You can likewise observe course plot. You can likewise observe introduction layout . Other than a report layout and an introduction diagram, an exploration paper plot is among the most regular sorts of frameworks you're probably going to experience in a specific field. </p> <p>Utilizing a framework layout can help the understudy compose the paper and kill the thoughts that aren't appropriate to the capacity of the article. You will find that article diagram layout papers show up with a couple of information on them that you're ready to alter as per your own comfort yet the master appearance of the format is the perfect instance of official reason formats however at definitely a similar time stays down to earth enough for business and training purposes. In the event that making diagram is a piece of your task, follow the bearings you were given. Making an APA diagram is the absolute first issue to do in building up a structure on what will be written in the paper and the manner in which it's composed. </p> <p>Know how your exposition will be assessed. It's OK to duplicate such data given that you reference it utilizing a reference. A framework can assist with setting the manner in which an understudy will construct other basic segments like Literature Review. Finishing a MLA layout will ensure your exploration paper group is precise. </p> <h2> The Basic Facts of How to Do an Outline for a Research Paper </h2> <p>Correct all blunders you can spot and upgrade the general bore of the paper as well as could be expected. Recollect that the main expectation of the exploration paper is to plainly demonstrate your capacities to chip away at your own and show the extent of your insight on a few points. Cause the peruser to accept the given paper remembers the accommodating subtleties for the proper issue and matters for the development of science. Predominant research paper's models quite often focus on novel proposals to address which will be of an incentive in the zone. </p> <p>You make a b lueprint to ensure you don't miss a couple of significant contemplations and that everything is all around organized. The most effective method to structure the blueprint is without a doubt a matter of private supposition. You ought to have your reasons, and our chief concern is that you end up getting an extraordinary evaluation. </p> <p>The paper should be predictable from the beginning as far as possible. In case of a lengthier venture, it is a test to envision a fruitful creative cycle without any obstructions in the occasion the diagram is absent. Eventually, you will find that the whole research paper models will permit you to begin and make you move in the right heading for you to achieve the best conceivable imprint you can. Ask yourself what data the peruser ought to learn first so as to know the rest of the paper. </p>

A Student Reflects His UVA Darden B-School Experience

This interview is the latest in an Accepted.com blog series featuring  interviews with MBA students, offering readers a behind-the-scenes look at  top MBA programs. And now for a chat with Jack Mara, a recent UVA Darden MBA graduate (class of 2015). Accepted: Wed like to get to know you! Where are you from? Where and what did you study as an undergrad? Where and when did you complete your MBA?   Jack: My name is Jack Mara, I am from Boston, Massachusetts. I went to Union College in Schenectady, New York and studied economics. Recently (‘15) I completed my MBA at Darden Business School (University of Virginia). Accepted: Can you share three fun facts about yourself? Jack: I participated in the Pro Soccer Combine (very unsuccessfully), my house was struck by lightning and I am a Patriots fan. Accepted: Why did you choose Darden? How was Darden the best fit program for you? Jack: I wanted to go to a business school strong in both consulting and entrepreneurship because those were the two paths I was considering after school. Darden was the best fit for me because of the people and collaborative environment. Darden is not a city school – this means your whole life revolves around the school and Darden community. Darden requires nightly meetings with learning teams, weeding out individuals that do not want to work in a highly collaborative environment. Accepted: If there was one thing you could change about the program, what would it be? Jack: The first year program at Darden (the core curriculum) is excellent. The academic program second year – when MBAs start to lose steam in the classroom – is not quite as strong. In my opinion the second year learning needs to shift more towards working to solve actual problems in real time (working on real problems for companies, start-ups, non-profits, etc.). How to build the best possible educational experience for second year business school students is a dilemma all schools face – not just Darden. Accepted: Looking back to the MBA application process, what would you say was the most challenging step for you? How did you work to overcome it? Jack: Despite a substantial amount of time, energy and effort I was rejected from every school I applied to round 1. This rattled my confidence going into round 2. Mentally I reminded myself that I committed to working hard throughout the whole process. The MBA admissions process can be very humbling (it was for me), but I just kept working, kept grinding and great results started to happen. Accepted: Can you share your top three admissions tips with our readers? Jack: 1. People (including me) focus way too much on the rankings when applying and selecting business schools. There are lots of great business schools, and the top companies recruit at a broad range of schools. Focus more on where your personality fits and find the best cultural fit. 2. The process is a bit of a crap shoot – don’t become discouraged about rejections. They do not mean that you are not qualified. There are many highly qualified candidates that are not accepted. Admissions offices are looking for fit and trying to fill out a well-balanced class. Chances are you will not be viewed as a fit at every school – but you will be at some. 3. The waitlist is not a rejection. Plenty of people are admitted off the waitlist, so stay persistent. Accepted: Can you tell us about your startup  10Thoughts? What was the evolution of the concept? Jack: As an MBA student at Darden Business School I wanted to stay well versed on important topics and issues across the business world. I was frustrated with the difficulty of finding a broad range of great content on the internet. Searching through many different publications is time consuming and curation algorithms often result in clickbait content that wastes my time. I started asking my Darden classmates to send me the best article they read each week. It was awesome – I received a range of interesting content leveraging the collective expertise and reading of all my classmates. It hit me that this is the best way for MBAs and people interested in business content to find great articles. With this concept I founded 10Thoughts to provide great article content recommended, curated and vetted by MBAs. We started at Darden and now have 35% of students at the top 20 schools in the class of 2017 using our platform. Our users enjoy 10Thoughts because it keeps them well versed on relevant content across the business spectrum. We hope you will check us out! Accepted: What are some of the top articles out there today? Jack: Here are 5 of the most popular articles over the last couple of weeks on 10Thoughts: †¢ Inside the Sad, Expensive Failure of Google+ †¢Ã‚  19 Subject Line Stats Impacting Our Email Open Rates †¢Ã‚  MIT Claims to Have Found a â€Å"Language Universal† That Ties All Languages Together †¢Ã‚  Entrepreneurs Don’t Have a Special Gene for Risk—They Come from Families with Money †¢Ã‚  Netflix CEO’s Plan for World Domination   Make sure you check out 10Thoughts today. Thank you Jack for sharing your story with us – we wish you loads of luck! For one-on-one guidance on your b-school application, please see our MBA Application Packages. For specific advice on how to create the best application for UVA Darden see: Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  Best MBA Programs: A Guide to Selecting the Right One  [Free Guide] †¢Ã‚  UVA Darden 2016 MBA Essay Tips Deadlines †¢Ã‚  Admissions Straight Talk Podcast

Should Women Be Allowed For Wear A Niqab Of Face - 1356 Words

1 - What is the social problem/issue that you will be researching (your topic)? Should women be allowed to wear a niqab of face veil to civic ceremonies? 2 - What do you currently know about this topic? â€Å"Niqab† is not ancient â€Å"traditional dress in most Muslim countries, but is a fairly recent innovation. Niqab is not mandated in the Quran; it arose later as a Muslim custom. Niqab have been banned in several Muslim countries or places in the Muslim world. There is nothing in Qu’rem supporting niqab, it is a Wahhabi affectation that speaks more of their attempt to dominate all Muslims than it does adherence to the will of god (Allah). There has been a lot of debate over whether the women should be allowed to wear the niqab in public not just civic ceremonies. Some believe its offensive and/or oppresses the women, and others think it’s what makes Canada diverse. However, I know that the government isn t allowing them to wear their face veil while they are getting their citizenship and it s being discussed in the courts. 3 - Why does this problem/issue concern you? In many Muslim countries, women lack equality and basic rights as there is still social pressure for the unveiled to conform. According to people, if they don’t wear â€Å"niqab† they are not being good Muslims. Many women wish to go unveiled but cannot as in some places its illegal, and in other places they face murder, beating and other domestic violence. It is believed that if you are wearing niqab one can’tShow MoreRelatedCanadian Multiculturalism Act And The Canadian Charter Of Rights1463 Words   |  6 PagesCulture . Under the Canadian Multiculturalism Act, Canadian citizens are free to exercise their religious and cultural practices . However, niqab ban takes effect in some public aspects of Canada . Supporters of the ban believes that wearing niqab is not a part of the Canadian Culture and should be banned in order to free Muslim Women from oppression . Niqab ban, however, infringes on the religious and cultural freedom instilled in the Canadian Multic ulturalism Act and the Canadian Charter of RightsRead MoreThe Charter Of Rights And Freedoms1596 Words   |  7 PagesEast, the largest population of the men and women are Muslim. The Muslim religion suggests that women wear a veil or hijab, which is a headscarf that only exposes a woman’s eyes, accompanied by a burqa, which is a full body cloak. The sole purpose of the clothing is to cover a woman’s feminine features from men’s eyes. The Quran, an Islamic scripture, supports and slightly obligates the uniform by saying that women are to be conservative, â€Å"let them wear their head covering over their bosoms, and notRead MoreWhy Georgia s Anti Mask Laws1224 Words   |  5 Pagesquestion her niqab, a veil worn by some Muslim women which covers everything but the eyes. On Aug. 25, during Khan’s first week of college, one of her teachers held her after class to request she not conceal her face. Khan refused, claiming such an ask violated her right to freely exercise her religious beliefs. â€Å"I wear it to work. I wear it to school,† she told The Signal about her niqab. â€Å"Many people have this misconception that, as Muslim women, we’re oppressed or forced to wear it. For me, it’sRead MoreFaith and the Hijab Essay examples1707 Words   |  7 Pagesreligion was why women wore head coverings. I found it not the oddest thing but most certainly I never quite understood. So when we had a chance to research something that pertained to Islam I thought that that would be the best thing for me research about. Since I never really understood why women would wear head coverings, for the longest time I thought that it wasn’t a voluntary choice. I had a conception that men were very dominate over women and that the men of the countries made them wear these headRead MoreThe Islamic Religion And Culture1216 Words   |  5 Pagesthe concept of modesty and veil is holistic. This concept has evolved into a significant hallmark of many Muslim women. Ho wever, the veiling and seclusion of women did not arise with the advent of Islam. These institutions were practiced as early as the existence of Roman and Byzantine societies. They were not simply used to mark aristocracy, but served to also distinguish respectable women from disreputable ones. Over time, especially in contemporary society, the hijab has transformed into a prominentRead MoreOur Choice of Clothes Reflect Our Personality662 Words   |  3 Pagescover blurb). What is identity and what role do clothes play in creating it? Use two relevant examples from fashion to support your answer. ‘O Daughter of mine, beware of the revealing hijab that is spreading amongst the women these days and that characterized by †¦ wearing a niqab that covers what is ugly and shows what is beautiful (Al- ‘Umran 2001: 10-111). ‘In the case of sociological interest in clothing and fashion, we know that through clothing people communicate some things about their personsRead MoreWomen s Rights Of The Middle East1201 Words   |  5 PagesTwo women wrapped in tedious dingy shapeless gowns walked near me. As if the gowns did not obscure enough, they masked their faces with a burqa. They were escorted by their brother, who wore shorts and a t-shirt, looking virtually naked beside them. Unfortunately, this is the raucous reality of millions of women in the middle east. You might be thinking, well some women choose to wear such clothing. But no it doesn t just stop with the clothing it goes beyond this to issues such as child marriageRead MoreThe Unfair Treatment of Muslim Women833 Words   |  3 Pagesrights. A lot of Muslim women experience this on a daily basis. People in public stare or criticize them simply because they are different. Years ago, Muslim women had almost no rights. Although they have gai ned certain rights and responsibilities, many people still treat them with little respect. Muslim women’s rights have changed in many ways, including the way they are allowed dress, who and when they can marry, and their independence in general. A few years back, Muslim women had very few rightsRead MoreObey the Laws of God, Not the Laws of Man2572 Words   |  11 Pagesinto force a law that bans Muslim women wearing the Burqa in any public setting. Not only did this ban create a global debate, a domino effect on other countries to put forth the same law, but also creating tension among French Muslims and their citizens (Ulusoy). The Quran asks believing women to cover although Muslim women interpret covering their bodies in different ways. The Burqa covers the entire face and body and has netting surrounding the eyes. The Niqab only varies from the burqa in thatRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Echo Of Silence 1522 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the series of Women of Allah by Shirin Neshat. Ms. Neshat â€Å"...is a contemporary Iranian artist best known for her films exploring the relationship between women and the religious and cultural value systems within Islamic communities† (Fine Art). In this paper Neshatâ€℠¢s biography, style for taking the picture, inspiration for the picture, and the powerful meaning behind it will be discussed. Her artwork has inspired many around the world, but has also angered people. Neshat’s Women of Allah is inspirational

Introduction. Geriatric Depression Is The Most Common Serious

Introduction Geriatric depression is the most common serious disease in elderly people, especially with older hospital patients, yet is often difficult to diagnose and many primary care clinicians fail to recognize depression cases. This research examines the causes, symptoms, and treatments of depression in the elderly. The causes of depression in the elderly are varies depending on their medication, their mental state, and other factors such as physiological and biochemical change. According to Solnek and Seiter (2002), drug reactions cause depression in the elderly. When the elderly often take multiple medications simultaneously, they are vulnerable to suffer depressive symptoms. In addition, â€Å"the role of loss in late life is frequently†¦show more content†¦Physicians are difficult to determine whether these symptoms are caused by physical illness or because of depression. How to recognize depression in the elderly? Everyone has had signs of transient depression at some point in their lives when they are suffering loss, separation, pain, but these manifestations will gradually disappear, they continue to live almost normal and do not need treatment at all. The cases that need treatment are the types of depression that affect the mood, the activities of leisure activities and the daily behavior of the people around. Recognizing depression in older people is not always easy, but some people, especially the primary clinicians can be aware of depression by the following signs and symptoms. The most important sign of depression is personality changes. People with depression begin to feel less interested in their activities, objects, and the loved ones that they have previously cared for. Elderly depressed people often give up away from social activities as well as other pastimes. Elderly depressed people easily fall into isolation, loneliness due to self-deprecation. They often find it difficult to e xpress their feelings in words, so people around them do not recognize their instability. When trying to express their feelings about depression, they often focus on other topics. For example, they complain about financial worries, harmony withShow MoreRelatedEssay on Late Adulthood and Depression1558 Words   |  7 PagesLate Adulthood and Depression Late adulthood should be a time in a persons life where they feel fulfilled. They can look back on their memories and be happy with the way they have lived their life. Now, too many elderly people are not satisfied and look at this stage as depressing. Most fear death of either a loved one or for themselves. This topic is interesting to me because elderly people should make the best of their last stage of life. This topic discusses about getting olderRead MoreEssay on Substance Abuse and the Elderly2015 Words   |  9 Pagesbeing treated by several physicians† (2003). This is considered common in the medical community. Physicians for elderly patients lack communication with each other. If the physicians lack high level communication, then prescribed medicines may have an adverse effect on the elderly. The elderly, often times, have cognitive problems, which makes it difficult for the elderly to understand instructions for prescriptions. This can cause a serious issue in this particular population. It can be determinedRead MoreGeriatric Assessment7902 Words   |  32 PagesComprehensive Geriatric Assessment The geriatric assessment is a multidimensional, multidisciplinary diagnostic instrument designed to collect data on the medical, psychosocial and functional capabilities and limitations of elderly patients. Various geriatric practitioners use the information generated to develop treatment and long-term follow-up plans, arrange for primary care and rehabilitative services, organize and facilitate the intricate process of case management, determine long-term careRead MoreAmerican Society Of Today Strongly Values1805 Words   |  8 PagesChapter One Introduction The American society of today strongly values and caters to Generation X with advertising, product development and societal norms perpetuating the idea and values of a youthful society; however, a revolution may be around the corner. Just as the baby boomers â€Å"caused a social revolution in the late ‘60s† (Barr, 1999, par. 2), they may cause a millennium social revolution that embraces aging and generates changes in geriatric services. Baby boomers accountRead MoreAgeism in Healthcare6728 Words   |  27 PagesName Professor Name DHA-865 July 14, 2013 Age Related Healthcare Discrimination (Ageism) in Healthcare While the â€Å"Greatest Generation† is a title often given to those Americans who lived and died during the era of the Great Depression and World War II, their offspring, the â€Å"Baby Boom† generation, significantly shaped and improved the American landscape as well if for no greater reason than the sheer number of people who make up this population (Steinhorn, 2006). Today, basedRead MoreThe Effect Of Daytime Sleepiness On Aged Care Residents3515 Words   |  15 PagesTitle: Evidence in Relation to Daytime Sleepiness in Aged Care Residents INTRODUCTION: The case here is about the aged care facility with the greater number of residents having irregular sleeping pattern and are awake during the night resulting in daytime sleepiness. Daytime sleepiness is causing lack of physical activity; disturbed eating pattern and the residents tend to sleep for a long period during the day. In this assignment I am going to do research about what could be the reason behind thisRead MoreResearch Proposal on Aging Mind and Memory3134 Words   |  13 PagesAging mind and memory Customer Inserts His/Her Name Customer Inserts Grade Course Customer Inserts Tutor’s Name Writer Inserts Date Here (7, 12, 2010) Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Objectives 5 Methods 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion 11 Literature review 13 Appendix 17 Bibliography 18 abstract The research aims at determining the affect of dementia on the lives of individuals and how it impacts on their social interactions. The research will also identifyRead MoreResearch Proposal on Aging Mind and Memory3142 Words   |  13 PagesAging mind and memory Customer Inserts His/Her Name Customer Inserts Grade Course Customer Inserts Tutor’s Name Writer Inserts Date Here (7, 12, 2010) Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Objectives 5 Methods 6 Discussion 7 Conclusion 11 Literature review 13 Appendix 17 Bibliography 18 abstract The research aims at determining the affect of dementia on the lives of individuals and how it impacts on their social interactions. The research will also identify the ways in which agingRead MoreOutline Of Alzheimer s Alzheimer S2283 Words   |  10 PagesI. Introduction: Alzheimer’s A. Why I chose Alzheimer’s: Kevin Arnold once said, â€Å"Memory is a way of holding on to the things you love, the things you are, and the things you never want to lose.† Memories are the things hold on to in life. Whether it’s bad or good, memories are engraved in us and as we carry them through our everyday lives they become a part of us. But what if as times goes by, those memories start to disappear? Imagine that the things you held onto for years could no longer beRead MoreSubstance Abuse in the Elderly, Disabled, and LBGT Populations2316 Words   |  10 Pagestreatment, and information is gathered through polls and observations. Most of these studies, however, are nonspecific regarding social and cultural factors. I will focus on how addiction affects three vulnerable populations: the elderly, disabled, and gay/lesbian/bisexual/transgendered populations. One population that is often overlooked when examining addiction is the elderly. In reality, alcoholism and drug addiction is a serious problem among the elderly population—a problem that continues to

Alignment of IT Functions and Business Processes †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Alignment of IT Functions and Business Processes. Answer: Introduction Many organizations all over the world today have welcomed the idea of information technology integration, and the organizations are increasingly becoming dependent on the IT in conducting their basic activities (Chan Reich, 2007). The alignment process can be described as a mutual synchronization of the objectives and the goals of the business and the services of Information Technology. Notably, it is challenging to achieve the complete alignment of both the business functions and the IT services (McCubbrey, 1999). This is because of the many and random changes that are happening in the world of business and the Information Technology environment. Business and IT alignment have been a critical issue since the early 1970s and many stakeholders which includes; consultants and IT and business executives have over the years tried resolving the issues that hinder the success of this alignment (Ali Green, 2009). It is also important to note that these stakeholders have regarded the alignment process as being a difficult process for several reasons which include; differences in the objectives of different organizations, communication gap, inflexible organization structure and lack of proper methodologies to handle the problem (Ali Green, 2009). Most importantly to note, it needs great effort for IT to comprehensively provide all the services that are required in an organization when the organizations are rapidly diverting their goals and objectives on a daily basis. Additionally, both business and IT are related to the fact that IT provides all the services that are required in all the levels of business to facilitate achievement of its objectives and goals. In order to heighten the alignment process there are issues that need to be addressed these includes; understanding of business strategy, fostering a strong and complex cultural relationship between business and IT, sustaining effective communication between all the groups, the strategies of both the business and IT must be clearly understood, both business strategy and It strategy must always provide support to each other and all the groups in either of the sides must have trust (Braun Winter, 2007 ). Below are some of the challenges that are experienced in the alignment of IT and business functions. Alignment Challenges Inappropriate methodologies by The International Foods Group (IFG) can substantially undermine the process of alignment (Scott, 2000). The organization compares its activities with Glow-Foods Company and then decides that it has to implement such a system that is similar to that of IFG. This is without any market research or analysis its business activities. IFG like most of other organizations rarely makes full use of IT capabilities. The only technology they use is a website that they use to advertise where customers can find their products and come nutritional recipe. Similarly to other organizations which used IT for back-office operations and regarded it as an expenditure other than a booster of business value (Scott, 2000). There are organizational factors that greatly undermine the alignment process, in many organizations, the formal information systems strategies are controlled and made by the senior management. In the case of IFG Tonya is seen taking part in the alignment pr ocess although she is busy to commit to it fully. In many organizations, this results to a misunderstanding of the business plan by both lower and middle-level management. In this regard, it is important to note that unclear business strategies like duplicating other organizations alignment plan may hinder IT-business alignment. Personal and group involvement is essential in developing clear business strategies. Also, the existing and current techniques of alignment have not captured the real advantages of alignment (Baker Niederman, 2014). In the case of The International Food Group IFG, the benefits developing the information system have not been outlined the management is only focused on developing a system that works similarly to those systems that are used in the Glow-Foods company. Similarly to other organizations, this has consequently affected the alignment of IT and business functions in most of the organizations. Most of the techniques used in developing the systems do not understand that business is not a constant entity rather it is active and keeps on changing its processes and also different organizations have different have different requirements and information system working for one company may not work for another company (Baker Niederman, 2014). Instead of driving the business many techniques follow the business. Most of the researchers and experts feel that most of the a lignment methods that are in existence are business-driven and instead they feel that they should mostly be IT-driven. For this reason, more attention should be focused on IT to determine how IT can be implemented to offer better support to the organization. Most of the researchers conducted are focused mainly on the IT side rather than the business side. Poor or inadequate understanding of the alignment process also hinders that process of linking both IT and business functions (Galup, Dattero, Quan Conger, 2009). In this case, both Ahern and Tonya dont seem to understand the processes need to align their company IFG, and it is for this reason that they have to rely on Josh who seems to have some experience out of his past work experiences (Silvius, 2008). The best conceptualization of alignment is the changing state in which organizations can effectively make use of IT processes to achieve the goals and the objectives of the organization and also to enable the organizations to compete with their competitors effectively like in this case hoe IFG want to compete with the Glow-Foods. If Information Technology is not implemented in a manner that it helps in providing the required services in an organization, then the alignment of the business and the IT is not effective (Galup, Dattero, Quan Conger, 2009). According to Henderson Venk atraman, 1993 they say that alignment cannot be considered as a single entity and explain that it has several phases which represent specific parts of the business organization. Improper understanding of what alignment entails will compromise the alignment of IT and business functions. Organizations heads and employees should comprehensively understand the whole processes involved in alignment to get to integrate both IT functions and business functions effectively. Lack of encouragement from colleague workers. In this case, Tonya is heard pledging her support to Josh who will help in developing the new system. However, she cautions him that not everyone in the organization will be supporting him in the development of the new system. This is a common trend in many organizations that aim at improving their technological advancements (Luftman, 2003). This is because many employees may fear to lose their jobs and there are those who do it because of jealous. Lack of support for the systems development team may negatively impact on the development process thus interfering with the alignment process (Luftman, 2003). In this case, the IFG Company may have difficulties in developing the systems because of the opposition that Josh is expected to receive from the companys employees. Copying of innovative technologies and lack of research many compromises the alignment process of an organization. In this case, Tonya is heard addressing Josh and his team that they should remain vigilant on the ground and report to the management about any innovative technologies that can work for IFG organization. It is clear that IFG is not undertaking any research to understand what the users need and know how they will develop their systems. Rather they keep on copying what other organizations are doing like the case of Glow-Foods Company, and in this case, Tonya instructs the team that they should also report any advancements in technology that they think can be applied in IFG. Copying informational system without conducting proper research may hinder the alignment process of the organization this is because not all information systems that work for one organization can work for another. Therefore organizations need to develop a culture of conducting research and developing th eir systems that respond to their organizational requirements and systems that will help them meet the objects and the goals of the organization Recommendations for challenges facing alignment The best way of achieving the alignment process is by developing information systems that aid the managers, the businesses, and all the other stakeholders to efficiently and effectively meet the objectives and the goals of the business (Ordanini Pol, 2001). Developers and engineers of information systems find it hard and challenging in developing information systems that can effectively and comprehensively meet the business expectations of an organization in a dynamic environment. If proper and effective information systems are not developed, they can lead to misalignment of an organization. Some of the factors that can make organizations fail to get aligned with IT include; making of IT decision by business executive who have no or little knowledge concerning IT process can lead to misalignment of organization, in other organizations Information Technology managers are involved in making decisions yet they little knowledge about the needs of the business the other main reason than contributing to the misalignment of the business is that there are disagreements and lack of trust between the IT managers and business executives, their relationship leads to the suffering of the organization. This section will examine some of the tools that should be used in modeling and development of information system to facilitate the alignment of business, and IT functions. Requirement Engineering Requirement engineering plays a major role in the development any system. The main objective of requirement engineering is identified both the user and system requirements. The processes involved in requirement engineering includes: elicitation- during this activity, the needs of the user and the needs of the business are examined, requirement analysis- this activity is used to examine the feasibility of the collected requirements, documentation- during this activity, the requirement of the stakeholders are documented in a formal document, validation- this particular activity makes it possible for the developers and engineers to determine whether the developed system is in line with the requirements of the proposed system, requirement management- during this activity all the changes in the requirements are captured and traced (Silvius, 2008). Requirement engineering in relation Information Technology and business alignment it can be implemented to capturing all necessary information of information system and business requirement engineering. For this reason, proper requirement engineering-based models should be developed to help in the alignment process. These models will help in explaining the different activities involved such as requirement elicitation- this should clarify the objects and the goals of the organization that the system under development should meet, requirement negotiation- this activity explore the different goals of the business in perspective of all the stakeholders and aid in defining agreement on the system requirements and the user requirements. Requirement specification- this activity outlines the system behavior that the system should have and also should describe the context of the company that is to use the system, requirement validation- this activity is aimed at ensuring that the final requirements of the system meet the expected requirements. Component-based system development It is with no doubts that developing an information system that is meant to meet the objectives and the goals of an organization in a rapidly changing environment is a hard task. Component-based development of information systems ensures fast and reliable development (Saunders Jones, 1992). This system development model makes it possible to develop different modules of the system, different testing of the modules and also ensures that the models are in a position to meet the requirements that are designed for and then the integration of the different models. Most importantly, component-based development makes it possible to subdivide the objectives of complex systems into small objectives which are meant to be achieved by the modules (Saunders Jones, 1992). This is key in the development of information systems for facilitating alignment of IT and business in an organization since the different business processes are carefully subdivided depending on their requirements, and then the processes are developed by the engineers in modules (Scott, 1961). Component-based also facilitates the reusability of the modules in case such systems are to be developed for another organization that has the same objectives as the first organization. Component-based development facilitates the alignment of business and IT functions of an organization as it is easy to replace, reuse, and maintain the existing components to align with the changes that may occur in the dynamic business environment Software Product Line Engineering Technology SPLE Integration of technology in the development of systems to aid in alignment of business and Information Technology is a great idea that is aimed at helping organizations to improve the alignment of their organizations (McCubbrey, 1999). The SPLE technology demonstrates the best processes of developing IT-based products at a less cost and within a short period producing systems and products that are of high quality (McCubbrey, 1999). In the context of aligning IT process with business activities, the features of SPLE can be of great importance to the organization. Most of the organizations put more emphasis in enhancing the performance of their IT departments, and therefore they raise their expectations regarding the capabilities associated with technological advancements. The main reason as to why SPLE should be integrated into alignment is because it reduces the cost associated with the development of information systems that facilitate the alignment process (McCubbrey, 1999). The a dvantages of using SPLE is that helps in improving the quality of the systems developed, and also it aids in testing the product line independently. SPLE technology is recommended for all organizations including those whose financial capability is low because it helps in developing information systems at a lower cost. Most importantly is simplifies complex systems and also facilitates the reusability of code so the organization can always change the functions of the information system with ease to match the requirement of the dynamic business environment. By so doing the alignment process will not be compromised. Business process management A business process is activities that take place within an organization and leads to layout business output. The business process always identifies the user needs and provides the services that meet the user needs (Ullah Lai, 2011). On the other side, business process management is a set interlinked process that works together to facilitate the achievement of business objects and both short-term and long-term goals (Ullah Lai, 2011). Business process management provides a systematic approach that can be effectively used manage the processes that take place within an organization (Sawhney, Prandelli Verona, 2003). Business process management is important and effective because it can be used to manage the changes that take place in a dynamic business environment thus facilitating alignment in both static and dynamic environment (Sawhney, Prandelli Verona, 2003). The main advantage that can be achieved by using business process management is that it structures and organizes the work flow of activities in an organization in a way that organization objectives and goals can be effectively achieved. Proper management of business activities can help in implementing effective alignment processes. Business process modeling tools In information systems and business engineering, business process modeling is the activities that represent organizational processes to effectively analyze manage and carry out changes that may be required in the systems processes (Skoularidou Spinellis, 2003). There are several business modeling tools that can be implemented to help in managing processes in an organization which is in a dynamic environment. Some of the most useful tools used in businesses and information systems include; six sigma- which works by effectively by identifying and improving areas of business processes. Another tool that is commonly employed in SWOT analysis- it consists of modeling tools that are used in analyzing both resources and the environment of the organization or the business. Such tools are key in ensuring that an organization remains focused on implementing alignment processes. The tools can help in case the activities and processes of the business keep on varying. In conclusion, this report focuses on the alignment of business functions and IT functions. The report has examined some of the challenges that hinder the alignment processes and also it has explained some of the techniques that can be applied to overcome the challenges that are encountered by organizations during alignment. If these strategies are used effectively applied then organizations can effectively ensure that organization remains aligned even in the most dynamic environments. References Ali, S., Green, P. (2009). IT governance mechanisms in public sector organisations: An Australian context. Handbook of Research on Information Management and the Global Landscape, 458-478. Baker, E. W., Niederman, F. (2014). Integrating the IS functions after mergers and acquisitions: Analyzing business-IT alignment. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 23(2), 112-127. Braun, C., Winter, R. (2007, March). Integration of IT service management into enterprise architecture. In Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Applied computing (pp. 1215-1219). ACM. Chan, Y. E., Reich, B. H. (2007). IT alignment: what have we learned?. Journal of Information technology, 22(4), 297-315. Galup, S. D., Dattero, R., Quan, J. J., Conger, S. (2009). An overview of IT service management. Communications of the ACM, 52(5), 124-127. Luftman, J. (2003). Assessing IT/business alignment. Information Systems Management, 20(4), 9-15. Luftman, J., Kempaiah, R. (2007). An Update on Business-IT Alignment:" A Line" Has Been Drawn. MIS Quarterly Executive, 6(3). McCubbrey, D. J. (1999). Disintermediation and reintermediation in the US air travel distribution industry: a Delphi study. Communications of the AIS, 1(5es), 3. Saunders, C. S., Jones, J. W. (1992). Measuring performance of the information systems function. Journal of Management Information Systems, 8(4), 63-82. Sawhney, M., Prandelli, E., Verona, G. (2003). The power of innomediation. MIT Sloan Management Review, 44(2), 77. Scott, J. E. (2000). Facilitating interorganizational learning with information technology. Journal of Management information systems, 17(2), 81-113. Scott, W. G. (1961). Organization theory: an overview and an appraisal. The Journal of the academy of Management, 4(1), 7-26. Skoularidou, V., Spinellis, D. (2003). Security architectures for network clients. Information management computer security, 11(2), 84-91. Silvius, A. J. (2008). The Business Value of IT: A Conceptual Model for Selecting Valuation Methods. Communications of the IIMA, 8(3), 57. Ordanini, A., Pol, A. (2001). Infomediation and competitive advantage in B2B digital marketplaces. European Management Journal, 19(3), 276-285. Ullah, A., Lai, R. (2011). Modeling business goal for business/it alignment using requirements engineering. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 51(3), 21-28.

Violent Forms In Sociopolitical Spheres Understanding State Mass Kill Essay Example For Students

Violent Forms In Sociopolitical Spheres: Understanding State Mass Kill Essay ings In Indonesia 1965-66Violent Forms in Sociopolitical Spheres: Understanding State Mass Killings in Indonesia 1965-66 Amanda Maull2-04-01H.Schulte NordholtPolitical Violence in AsiaIn order to develop a general framework with which to understand collective political violence, I examine state mass killings in Indonesia 1965-66. While acknowledging the importance of historical/cultural factors, I identify elements within the sociopolitical sphere that influence actors of collective political violence at national, local, and event- specific levels. Elements discussed are elite interests, justification for violence, formal organizations, and mobilization factors. Finally, I suggest future preventative policy measures. IntroductionViolence marks much of human history. Within the sociopolitical sphere, violence has continually served as a tool used by various actors to influence and/or to control territory, people, institutions and other resources of society. The twentieth century witne ssed an evolution of political violence in form and in scope. Continuing into the twenty-first, advances in technology and social organization dramatically increase the potential destructiveness of violent tools. Western colonialism left a world filled with many heterogeneous nation-states. In virtually all these countries nationalist ideologies have combined with ethnic, religious, and/or class conflicts resulting in secessionist movements or other kinds of demands. Such conflicts present opportunities for various actors in struggles for wealth, power, and prestige on both national and local levels. This is particularly evident in Indonesia, a region of the world that has experienced many forms of political violence. The state mass killings of 1965-66 mark the most dramatic of such events within this region. My goal is to understand the killings within a framework of collective political violence. I consider actors and agencies at national, local and event-specific levels in order to understand the mobilization of actors. Within this framework, I determine the relative importance of historical/cultural factors, elite interests, justifications for violence, organization and individual perceptions. Finally, I present questions for future research and preventative policy options. We will write a custom essay on Violent Forms In Sociopolitical Spheres: Understanding State Mass Kill specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Common explanations of political violence in Indonesia focus on local culture, the legacies of colonialism, and the social conflicts through which violence manifests. Often, observers describe such events as spontaneous and uncontrollable. One obtains the impression that riots are explosions of latent tensions and mass killings, unstoppable runaway trains. However such explanations are at best incomplete and significantly obscure important variables. Mass collective violence is rarely spontaneous. Elite interests, formal organizations and actors at various levels interact to create violent 1outcomes. I consider such interactions surrounding the state mass killings in Indonesia 1965-66. The Frames of Violent Forms Defined generally as â€Å"the use of physical force or coercion, used with the intention of bringing harm to others (and their material goods), which is linked to a struggle for power†, political violence make take on numerous forms. Such forms are characterized by varying elements of intensity, destructiveness, and duration. It is not my intention to provide a general descriptive theory of political violence. Given the varied nature of political violence and the compounding complexities of unique circumstance, an attempt at such a mega-theory would over-generalize in the search for ideal types and remain inapplicable to real situations. However, some forms of collective political violence possess common elements. This suggests the possibility of a general framework for understanding collective political violence. Understanding the similarities and differences between forms of collective violence would aid efforts at preventive policies. To begin c reating a general frame, I analyze state mass killings in Indonesia 1965-66. Specific forms of collective political violence present many superficial differences and few similarities. State mass killings are methodical, wider in scope and more violent. Contained to specific regions, endemic communal violence, in the form of riots, pogroms, and massacres seem sporadic and spontaneous. However, both types of collective violence require some level of organization. Though not perfectly continuous, both are maintained over periods of time. Similarly, they must be analyzed combining different interactive levels: national, local, and event-specific. I begin with one form and consider the interaction of the following elements across levels: elite interests, justifications for violence, organization, and mobilization of individual actors. This is done within a conceptual framework, which also recognizes the historical circumstances of location. 2Indonesia’s cultural and colonial histories have uniquely affected its modern sociopolitical spheres. An immense arch ipelago, few unifying â€Å"Indonesian† characteristics exists as there are many cultural differences among the islands. However, a common pre-colonial history marked for all the uncertainties of disease, failed harvests, natural disasters, and shifting power relations within ruling dynasties. Though competitive and conflictive, the pre-colonial royalty â€Å"was based on the notion that the control of violence was more important than the actual implementation of it, because there was a strong belief that violence could easily result in total destruction†. Dutch colonial rule differed greatly. Distrustful of its subjects, the colonial government ruled by violence and fear. Post-colonial Indonesia has inherited this ‘state of violence’. Colonial authorities relied on criminal gangs to maintain order. In more destructive forms, crime remains as part of the state. Concentrated in the center, power remains corrupt and self-serving. Today, Indonesia contains many different ethnic groups and is a highly stratified and internally conflicted society. Colonialism produced export-oriented economies, organized by business class minorities. Independence created a ‘nation’ not on the basis of a society unified culturally but on one unified by colonial rule. The resulting, social conflicts feed contests for political power. In fact for many postcolonial countries, the western concept of a territorially defined nation-state has lead to â€Å"struggles among competing elites and counterelites for control over the state apparatus †¦ as well as to local struggles for power, wealth, and safety†. Violence is an integral part of such struggles. The pragmatic objective of political violence is power. Subsequently, many different types of elites may use, condone, or tolerate violence when it serves their interests. National and local interests intentionally use collective political violence in struggles for wealth, power, and prestige. Further, powerful extra-national parties may quietly sanction or actively support such violence. While the nature and interests of supra-national, national, and local elites may vary, I show that their involvement whether 3direct or indirect is instrumental for at least one form of collective political violence. Violent action requires justification. Elites and organized leaders must gain some measure of support for their decisions; individuals must rationalize violent deviations from social obligation not only to their communities but also to themselves. Often, the ideology of the nation-state provides â€Å"sufficient justification for both state-directed and state-supported violence as well as organized and preplanned intercommunal and interethnic violence†. Perceived threats to the integrity of the nation serve to consolidate imagined internal unity, while justifying state-directed and communal collective violence against targeted populations. These populations become scapegoats for all kinds of social ills. Displacing blame on to the victim, state and local elites along with individual actors attempt to escape legal and moral responsibility for their actions. Further, elites and individuals use methods of moral exclusion to justify violent actions. Using religious doctrines and o ther ideologies, the targeted population is removed from the perpetrator’s world of social obligations. In this way, otherwise unthinkable actions are accepted by society. I examine the types of justifications used by various actors within the state mass killings of Indonesia. .u47b101419a3980ea4d4ad7422ef5d792 , .u47b101419a3980ea4d4ad7422ef5d792 .postImageUrl , .u47b101419a3980ea4d4ad7422ef5d792 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u47b101419a3980ea4d4ad7422ef5d792 , .u47b101419a3980ea4d4ad7422ef5d792:hover , .u47b101419a3980ea4d4ad7422ef5d792:visited , .u47b101419a3980ea4d4ad7422ef5d792:active { border:0!important; } .u47b101419a3980ea4d4ad7422ef5d792 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u47b101419a3980ea4d4ad7422ef5d792 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u47b101419a3980ea4d4ad7422ef5d792:active , .u47b101419a3980ea4d4ad7422ef5d792:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u47b101419a3980ea4d4ad7422ef5d792 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u47b101419a3980ea4d4ad7422ef5d792 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u47b101419a3980ea4d4ad7422ef5d792 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u47b101419a3980ea4d4ad7422ef5d792 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u47b101419a3980ea4d4ad7422ef5d792:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u47b101419a3980ea4d4ad7422ef5d792 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u47b101419a3980ea4d4ad7422ef5d792 .u47b101419a3980ea4d4ad7422ef5d792-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u47b101419a3980ea4d4ad7422ef5d792:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Anarchist Utopia EssayAnother important aspect of collective political violence is the involvement of formal organizations. Organizations are necessary for almost all types of enduring collective activity. Often portrayed as spontaneous, collective political violence is most often instigated by various organizations. Whether based on religious doctrine or other ideologies, organizations of some type play a crucial role in the mobilization of actors and the coordination of collective political violence. They provide essential weapons, which national and local elites utilize in power struggles. Youth organizations are particularly common actors in collective violence. . When discussing mobilization, I will expand on the dynamics of youthful peer groups. 4The level of organization and the nature of formal groups may vary across types of collective violence. State-mass killings require the direct involvement of the military. The military may completely control the violence or it may enlist the participation of other organizations at the local level. Communal violence predominantly involves local organizations. In some cases, the military may indirectly support violence, through inaction or the provision of arms. However, their direct involvement is usually limited to controlling communal violence, though their efforts may be weak or purposely ineffectual. Analyzing state mass killings, I examine the varied types of formal organizations and their roles in the coordination and mobilization. Finally, the mobilization of individual actors incorporates some aspects previously discussed. As well, many other processes relate to the participation of individual actors in collective political violence. Some of these processes are explained by theories of relative deprivation, resource mobilization, and social networks. Yet, factors vary by location, event, and the individuals involved. It is impossible to explain all the intricacies surrounding the mobilization of actors for collective political violence. However, I will identify some of the factors affecting the participation of individuals in state-mass killings. Theories of relative deprivation often site inequalities as an important foundation for collective violence. Certainly, national and local elites often manipulate religious, ethnic, and class conflicts in their struggles for power. Yet while social inequalities provide many opportunities to mobilize individuals against perceived threats, the interaction of other situational and social processes is also necessary. Historically, the factors that make â€Å"a collectivity mobilizable for political purposes are overwhelmingly communal, however much this basis of common identity may be overlaid with ethnicity, religion, class consciousness, or some other loyalty†. By creating a sense of solidarity 5on regional and national levels, religious and nationalist ideologies may be used in order to mobilize the support and participation of larger collectivities. At event-specific levels, episodes of collective political violence create environments where solidarity is formed and reinforced . The common involvement of youth organizations highlights the importance of event-level in-group processes such as solidarity and group status formation. When understanding communal violence especially, â€Å"interactions that take place within the group of perpetrators may be more relevant† than those at the national or local political level. In environments stressing masculinity and physical strength, conflicts present opportunities for young males to establish themselves within social hierarchies. In such instances, group processes interact creating violence with imploding rather than exploding forces. While these processes are present in episodes of state-mass killings, such events must be understood separately. Participants in state organized mass violence are mobilized to varying degrees by terror. In-group processes are certainly important. Yet, the lack of information and the impossibility of observation create problems for analysis. In-group processes occur within a nd are affected by local and national contexts. Resource mobilization theories suggest that perceived opportunity also influence the mobilization of actors. While perceived threats may unite actors, perceived opportunities to reduce threats will motivate action. Based on theories of rational-choice, this concept suggests that actors calculate the cost and incentives of action. Participants in mass-killings and communal violence may not consciously think in terms of cost-benefit analysis. Most likely perceptions of risks interact with other in-group and out-group processes. However, rational assessments of future costs and benefits directly affect the decisions of most national and local leaders. Mobilization factors are extremely complex and vary by actor, level of analysis, and situation. I attempt to identify some of the 6variables affecting the mobilization of various actors within state-mass killings. State Mass Killings: Java and BaliOn September 30, 1965, six Indonesian generals were killed in an attempted military coup. The result of intra-military conflict during a time of national financial and political crisis, the coup is generally blamed on the PKI (Partai Komunis Indonesia). The mass killings in Indonesia 1965-66 were the direct result of a right-wing counter-coup, which centralized military control of the country under General Suharto. Within the national context, the killings served to repress opposition to General Suharto’s New Order by reconstructing society to correspond with a new basis of solidarity based on the military’s regime. In this sense, the killings can be understood as an ideological genocide due to the use of a â€Å"communist threat to justify a new design of state and society†. However, regional variations in the nature and extent of the killings complicate a typology, which emphasizes such a unifying ideology. This is partially re solved if variations are understood within a context of interacting national and local powershifts. Realignments of local military power occurred as Suharto solidified his position as leader of the new government in Java. Some regional commanders hesitated implementing the purge of local PKI members until Suharto’s victory was clear. In such cases, military units were sent to supervise and participate directly in the killings. However, the army relied on civilian vigilante gangs, whom they supplied with weapons and training to carry out the bulk of the killings. While affected by events from the center, local powershifts occurred within embedded regional conflicts. The military’s use of local cleavages to consolidate their power introduced an element of unpredictability. While this has motivated some to categorize the events as spontaneous, the majority of killings were premeditated and organized at national and local levels. 7The role of elite interests in the 1965-66 killings must be analyzed on three levels: international, national, and local. Set during the Cold War, the United States. had significant interests in removing communist influence from Indonesia and was publicly supportive of the military counter-coup. While the United States may not have directly instigated the massacres, it supported them indirectly by providing communication equipment and as well as a list of PKI members. Nationally, the killings served the interests of General Suharto and the military by ensuring their power over the state apparatus and the wealth and prestige, which accompanies it. Specific local elite interests varied by region. In scope, the provinces of Central Java, East Java, and Bali suffered the worst of the killing. While the internal dynamics of local powershifts differed between the regions, there are general similarities. The PKI gathered its base mainly from rural areas and campaigned for land reform and a gainst corruption. For local elites, the suppression of the PKI removed political opposition and protected financial interests. .ucbc9e6d936b848b653a14cd0699a7831 , .ucbc9e6d936b848b653a14cd0699a7831 .postImageUrl , .ucbc9e6d936b848b653a14cd0699a7831 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucbc9e6d936b848b653a14cd0699a7831 , .ucbc9e6d936b848b653a14cd0699a7831:hover , .ucbc9e6d936b848b653a14cd0699a7831:visited , .ucbc9e6d936b848b653a14cd0699a7831:active { border:0!important; } .ucbc9e6d936b848b653a14cd0699a7831 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucbc9e6d936b848b653a14cd0699a7831 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucbc9e6d936b848b653a14cd0699a7831:active , .ucbc9e6d936b848b653a14cd0699a7831:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucbc9e6d936b848b653a14cd0699a7831 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucbc9e6d936b848b653a14cd0699a7831 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucbc9e6d936b848b653a14cd0699a7831 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucbc9e6d936b848b653a14cd0699a7831 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucbc9e6d936b848b653a14cd0699a7831:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucbc9e6d936b848b653a14cd0699a7831 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucbc9e6d936b848b653a14cd0699a7831 .ucbc9e6d936b848b653a14cd0699a7831-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucbc9e6d936b848b653a14cd0699a7831:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Unemployment EssayNationalist ideology provided Suharto a basis for justification of the mass killings. Portraying the attempted coup as a communist plot against the nation, Suharto forces â€Å"founded and justified the subsequent campaign to destroy the Communist Party†. Nation-wide propaganda campaigns depicting PKI members as traitors, morally depraved, and anti-religious also provided justification for military actions. Propaganda served dual functions, displacing blame and removing moral obligations. By holding all PKI members collectively guilty for the national crisis and attempted coup, the military also provided individuals with justification for their act ions. Depicting PKI members as depraved removed the victims from the perpetrators world of social obligation. Local organizations enforced such justification for violence. In Java and in Bali, local organizations such as the Muslim group, Nahdatul Ulama and the nationalist party PNI represented the purge as a â€Å"holy war†. This not only removed the targets from the8perpetrators moral obligation but also created religious obligations to participate in the killings. Organizations not only played a role in justifying but also coordinating the killings. The direct involvement of the military and local organizations was necessary to maintain the intensity and scope of the murders throughout the islands of Java and Bali. On Java as the armed forces began internal purges of leftist officers, Muslim youth groups and NU leaders initiated attacks on PKI members. In Bali, PNI-backed vigilante gangs and NU-affiliated Ansor youth gangs were armed and directed by the military to partici pate in arrest and execution operations. By allowing regional power conflicts and individual rivalries to affect the nature of the killing, the use of civilian groups disguises the importance of state objectives on the killings of 1965-66. It has leaded some to label them as spontaneous. Yet, the military’s role as instigator and its movements to direct the purges reveal the states importance. Together the participation of the military and local political and religious groups highlights the essential role of organizations in the mass killings. Organizations played a crucial role in mobilizing participants. The military, political party, and religious authorities played an active role in shaping and encouraging violent anti-communism based on existing religious ideas and cultural analogies. Further, violence became an acceptable solution for pre-existing conflicts, which were based on perceptions of relative deprivation and religious differences. The military provided the opportunity for the perpetrators to take revenge on and to profit from victims. Similarly, opportunity and risk assessment played a role in the military’s actions. Support from the United States removed the possibility for sanctions so that genocide became cost-free. The use of youth organizations highlights the importance of social networks and event-level in-group processes. The violence provided opportunities to establish oneself in a social hierarchy based on notions of power and masculinity. â€Å"The vigilantes of 91965-1966 were primarily yo ung men, eager to demonstrate their ‘courage’ and their sense of ‘revolutionary’ commitment†. The manipulation of such youthful enthusiasm provided a deadly force for the military’s project. The exploited by leaders of traditional institutions of communal responsibility and labor to motivate collective killing of the PKI presents further evidence of the importance of local ties. In addition to the many willing participants, the military and local organizations mobilized the involvement of many others through terror. The government’s campaign made it impossible to remain politically neutral. Participation in the killings provided direct evidence of support for Suharto’s New Order. Anyone refusing to comply with the murders was labeled guilty by association and suffered the same fate as PKI members. I have depicted how elite interests, methods of justification, organizations, and methods of mobilization worked within an interactive frame resulting in the state mass killings of Indonesia 1965-66. Yet, this framework cannot completely explain the events. For instance, why did so many people need to be killed? A full-scale genocide went beyond ensuring new national and local power positions or resolving individual personal or ideological conflicts. Understanding the killings as part of larger process of social reconstruction may help explain the mass violence. Within a context of national crisis, the PKI became the scapegoat for Indonesia’s political and financial ills. The military’s manipulation of cultural stories depicting threats of total destruction lead to a ‘purifying violence’, necessary for a new cycle of growth, peace, and prosperity. The killings represent a social purge in preparation for a reconstruction of society. Though the actual transfo rmation may have been more superficial, the process highlights the ability of the state manipulate aspects of culture in struggles for power. Constructing a framework with which to understand collective political violence, I have examined state mass killings in Indonesia 1965-66. Further studies applying such a frame to other incidents of collective political violence will determine its general applicability. To truly comprehend collective violence, one must understand such 10interactions within comparative framework analyzing specific situations. Can a framework be applied cross-nationally and to other forms of collective political violence? Certainly, situations and events are unique. However, understanding the necessary conditions for collective political violence could aid future preventive policies. The analysis of state mass killings in Indonesia shows the importance of opportunity. National and local leaders may use political violence when it is seen as cost-free. The international community has a role in creating costs to deter leaders form using violence in struggles for power, wealth, and prestige. People deserve an arena in which they can hold national leaders responsible for crimes against humanity. Currently, the skeletons for such organizations exist. Without the support of the most powerful nations, these organizations will remain ineffectual. To prevent tragic abuses of power, the people of the world must stand together and demand accountability for their leaders. 11BibliographyBibliography1. P. Brass, ‘the production of Hindu-Muslim violence in contemporary India’, O.Tornquist (ed), Political Violence: Indonesia and India in comparative perspective, 2000, pp. 3-14. Oslo: University of Oslo. 2. R. Cribb, The Indonesian Killings. Studies from Java and Bali, 1990, pp. 1-43. Clayton: Monash Papers on Southeast Asia. 3. D. Gilmartin, ‘Partition, Pakistan, and South Asian history: In search of a narrative’, Journal of Asian Studies, 57, 1998: pp. 1068-1095. 4. H. Fein, ‘Revolutionary and antirevolutionary genocides: A comparison of state murders in democratic Kampuchea, 1975 to 1979, and in Indonesia, 1965 to 1966’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 35, 1992: pp. 769-823. 5. R. Hefner, The Political Economy of Mountain Java, 1990, pp. 193-227, Berkeley: University of California Press. 6. H.Schulte Nordholt, ‘A genealogy of violence’, , 2000, pp. 1-18. 7. G. Robinson, ‘The post-coup massacre in Bali’, in D. Lev R. McVey (eds), Making Indonesia, 1996, 118-143. Ithaca: Cornell Southeast Asia Program. 8. O. Verkaaik, Inside the Citadel. Fun, violence, and religious nationalism in Hyderabad, Pakistan, Ph.D. Thesis University of Amsterdam, 1999, pp. 22. 9. H. Waterman, ‘Reasons and reason: collective political activity in comparative and historical perspective, World Politics, v 33, n 41, 1981, pp. 554-589. Sociology Essays

The Industrial Uses of Gold and Silver Essays

The Industrial Uses of Gold and Silver Essays The Industrial Uses of Gold and Silver Essay The Industrial Uses of Gold and Silver Essay The Industrial Uses of Gold and Silver Metals such as gold and silver have been considered precious throughout history for their rarity and aesthetic appeal. These elements are important in modern industry as technological advances expand the applications and uses of their unique physical properties. The uses of these two metals are found in almost every field of interest. From medical to aerospace technology, the applications of these substances provide another reason for their desirability. The evolution of technology has increased its demand for gold’s physical properties. One of the key differences between gold and silver is its resistance to tarnishing. Even though silver and copper are better conductors, gold’s defiance against environmental effects makes it a perfect for electronics where consistent performance over time is desired. Melting other metals with gold forms a gold-based alloy which is extremely heat resistant but can still act as a conductor. These alloys are then used in electronics that operate under intensely high temperatures, such as toasters (World Gold Council, 2012). One significant area where gold is consumed for its reliability is the military. The military uses gold in the form of connectors where the reliability of its electronics is an important factor because using gold connectors can mean the difference between life and death. This is why every tank, helicopter, fight jet, and other military hardware has gold in some form or another. The medical field has also recognized the gold’s reliable characteristics. Most, if not all of the life support electronics are plated with gold as its conductor. One medical application of gold that is not related to electronics is the treatment of a condition called Lagophthalmos. A person with this condition has the inability to fully close their eyes. By implanting tiny amounts of gold in the upper eyelid, the extra weight allows them to completely close their eyes. Gold is used because it has excellent biocompatibility unlike many other metals which have a toxicity level harmful to humans (Goodman, 2002). Gold is not the only metal with medical applications. Silver has valuable anti-bacterial characteristics and unlike other metals with anti-microbial properties, it is not harmful to humans (Daima, 2011 pg. 1). Before antibiotics were invented, silver was been used as a weapon against diseases during World War I. One of the best features about silver is the fact that bacteria cannot adapt to it like they do with antibiotics. Today, silver is added to medical instruments such as bandages and scalpels. Some hospitals have even gone to the extent of coating door knobs, flooring, and files with silver to create a more sanitary environment. Silver was also recently proven to promote the growth of new cells, making wounds heal faster (The Silver Institute, 2012). Even though it is not as corrosion-resistant as gold, it is highly valued in the electronics industry as super conductor. This means silver-based batteries are also super capacitors, lasting much longer than other batteries. Another unique property that silver has is its ability to reflect heat and radiation. Many of today’s office buildings have silver coated windows. This application of silver reflects up to 95% of the Sun’s rays, reducing the cost of cooling during hot summer days (The Silver Institute, 2012).

Sustainable approaches to animal behaviour and welfare research Essay

Sustainable approaches to animal behaviour and welfare research - Essay Example iotic relationship since time immemorial, the other side of the coin that animal too have feelings and superior intelligence have just started dawning on humankind. The nineteenth and the twentieth century saw animals being treated as commodities and exploited without remorse as beasts of burden, as a source of food and entertainment for man, and for biological research in order to search for the secrets of life and cures for debilitating diseases. Voices started being raised for animal welfare during the latter half of the twentieth century when people from some sections of society observed the cruelty being meted out to the poor creatures. Soon, volunteer and social organizations for animal welfare cropped up in all parts of the world and research activities were directed towards the investigation and formulation of better animal welfare policies and initiation of endeavours to stop cruelty on animals started being conceived. Animal welfare science has developed over the last few years as a specialist entity and has come to be recognised as an interdisciplinary effort (Lund et al, 2006). However, the authors feel that it has till now bean the mainstay of representatives of natural sciences only and needs to adopt a broader interdisciplinary perspective to increase its horizon of activity (Lund et al, 2006). The concerns for animal welfare are being addressed internationally by organizations such as the OIE (Office Internatio nal des Epizooties) which provides the international trade agreements for animal welfare and the control of diseases in domesticated farm animals (Lund et al, 2006). The authors feel that the time has arrived when the discipline of animal welfare should encompass a broader horizon by making it a trans-disciplinary subject, as so far it has stayed within the confines of natural sciences only. Animal psychology, ethics, politics and economics too need to be brought into the perspective of animal welfare science according to the authors (Lund et

Perfusion-weighted imaging (PW) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) Essay

Perfusion-weighted imaging (PW) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) - Essay Example Either endogenous or exogenous tracers (that is, either native or non-native) can be utilized to regulate haemodynamic quantities, for instance blood movement, blood capacity, and the average time it consumes for the tracer molecule to go through the tissue, or the average transit time. (Luypaert et al., 2001) 1-Exogenous tracer for example gadolinium 2- Utilizing arterial body fluid as an endogenous tracer. 2- Exogenous tracers Perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) utilizing exogenous tracers confu on magnetic vulnerability and inflow influences to get haemodynamic stats. An exogenous tracer such as gadolinium (in the compound Gd-DTPA or gadolinium diethyltriamine pentaacetate) can be inoculated into the venous mechanism (Luypaert et al., 2001). There is a temporary signal loss as the gadolinium perfuse through the tissues, which can be trailed by MRI. Gd-DTPA is paramagnetic; consequently a change in susceptibility happens between capillaries comprising gadolinium and the nearby tissues . This consequences in robust field gradients in the vicinity of the vessel barriers, bringing to straight signal phasing out in both gradient echo illustrations and diffusion-mediated in spin echo illustrations. Simulation Figure 1: Graphic summary of perfusion-weighted MRI procedure when utilizing intravascular tracers Figure 1 Simulation Figure 2 reveals perfusion-weighted illustrations as gadolinium goes through the brain. There is a postponement before the bolus of tracer blowouts the tissue. As it initializes to rinse through, the signal reduces. As it goes out, the signal returns to normal. Figure 2 Gd appear like to an exogenous tracer that is inoculated into the blood stream and trailed serially with T2*EPI. A signal loss is persuaded every time that GD goes through the capacity of concentration due to the susceptibility influences from the paramagnetic tracer. As it goes through the vessels, a strong gradient is created at the vessel boundaries, which hints to a decrease o f the signal. This damage of signal is proportionate to the concentration of gadolinum. The signal versus time curve can be utilized to make the concentration time curve, which is deconvoluted to get haemodyamic outcomes such as blood movement, blood capacity, and average transit time. Dynamic imaging takes benefit of passing variations in the resident magnetic arena of the adjacent tissue persuaded by a bolus of paramagnetic tracer going through the tissue capillary system. These variations in the native magnetic field can be dignified as signal variation on Magnetic Resonance imaging. Ultrafast illustration methodologies, for example echo planar and helical MR imaging, permit the correct dimension of quickly changing signal variations that are because of the principal permit of the bolus with satisfactory time-based resolution which less than 2 seconds for exposure of the whole brain (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1999). Signal time progress stats can then be transformed to com parative tracer tissue absorption time progression info. Tracer application time curvatures can then be examined to regulate numerous tissue hemodynamic factors, for example tissue blood capacity, blood movement, transportation time, and bolus

City Life Beats the Small Town Essay Example for Free

City Life Beats the Small Town Essay 1. This essay is an essay of both comparison and contrast because the author points out the similarities while examining the differences. For example, having a cinema in both small town and big city is a similarity, but one cinema in small town showing three different movies at any one time, and a big city having more than one cinema, showing hundred different movies at once is a difference. 2. The writer uses the point-by-point method in writing this essay. 3. The writer provides an equal number of details that relate to the small town and big city in order to give to the readers a proper understanding of differences between the two life-styles. 4. The numerous resources and options available in the city, for the people coming from different parts of the world, to find a group or community similar to their own origin makes life little easier and comfortable for them, as well as they get the opportunity to learn about various cultures and ethnicities, which is the superior nature of the big city. 5. The thesis of the essay is, â€Å"Life is better in the big city, and it all comes down to one general reason: more choice†. 6. The topic sentence of paragraph #2 is, â€Å"One of the areas in which having choice can be extremely valuable is that of friends†. 7. I agree with the author because of my own experience of coming to the city of Toronto as an Immigrant. The resources, opportunities and comfort that a big city can provide in terms of education, work, health, or entertainment are very difficult to find in a small town.

Unforgettable Experiences in the U.S. Essay -- Essays Papers

Unforgettable Experiences in the U.S. Problems faced by international students who come to the U.S. for the first time are not always easy to overcome. As one of them, I've found it very difficult to handle most of the problems I've encountered. I've experienced a very terrible culture shock that still makes me upset. As a student, I've found that the personal and cultural problems I experience may gravely affect my grades. The three major problems I've encountered deal with independence, homesickness, and loneliness, which really shocked me. Since my culture is completely different from the U.S., I was very surprised and shocked by the U.S. way of doing things independently. For many years, I lived in a totally different culture; I was completely unprepared for American culture. For example, since I first came here in August 1990, I have had to do many kinds of work by myself which I had never done when I was in Indonesia, such as doing laundry, cleaning the bedroom, and getting up early in the morning. In Indonesia, I never had a hard time doing such things since everything w...

My Goals and Walden Vision and Mission Essay

Being an Emergency Room nurse for 7 years and working as a traveling nurse in many different parts of the country has impacted my future and decision of going back to school. My personal career goal is to become a Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) with specialization in pediatric critical care area, mainly pediatric emergency medicine. I have known since a very young age that I had a gift for working with children. My colleagues always call me the â€Å"pediatric nurse†. I feel it takes a very special type of person to work with pediatrics, and this is where my heart is. I chose to become a FNP to broaden my area of expertise and to leave multiple doors open to work in different areas. I have looked into numerous FNP programs across the country, but I was particularly looking for a program that would allow me the flexibility with my changing work schedule and lifestyle. A few co-workers of mine are currently going to Walden and informed me about the school and program. After reading the university and School of Nursing’s vision, mission, and goals, I knew that Walden would be right for me. I strongly agreed with many aspects of what Walden stood for as an overall school. I truly connected to Walden’s mission to provide â€Å"a diverse community of career professionals with the opportunity to transform themselves as scholar-practitioners so that they can affect positive social change† (Walden University, 2013a, para. 2). I value that Walden incorporates everyone’s background and experiences to better the learning of other students. Only being a nurse for 7 years, I have worked in over 17 hospitals and feel that I have gained a vast knowledge of how nursing differs in multiple parts of the country. I relate to Walden University’s statement of the diverse community of students helping to bring positive change including nurses from all aspects of healthcare. Furthermore, two of Walden’s University (2013a) outcomes that really caught my attention were to â€Å"demonstrate a commitment to lifelong learning† (para. 5), and also to utilize â€Å"knowledge to positively impact†¦ profession, communities, and in society† (para. 5). I want to continue to broaden my knowledge over the life of my career. I also believe in using this knowledge to positively impact others in all aspects of healthcare. Incorporating Social Change I agree with Walden University’s (2013a) view on social change that â€Å"Walden supports social change through the development of principled, knowledgeable, and ethical scholar-practitioners, who are and will become civic and professional role models by advancing the better of society† (para. 4). I plan to incorporate social change in my profession by applying my past work experiences and knowledge from school to become a better professional role model to my patients, co-workers and community. An example of one learning outcome for the Master of Science in Nursing is to â€Å"exhibit ongoing commitment to professional development† (Walden University, 2013b, para. 3). I am constantly trying to learn new ways to improve and better my knowledge and education. I recently obtained my Certified Emergency Nurse certification and will soon be taking the Certified Pediatric Emergency Nurse exam. I only hope that with my past experiences and my future knowledge gained at Walden University, I will be able to become a professional advocate and role model for the future of pediatric care and the patient population thereof.